globals [ worker-number1 worker-number2 worker-number3 worker-number4 unemployed vardemand_sector1 vardemand_sector2 vardemand_sector3 vardemand_sector4 color1 color2 color3 color4 Clock ] turtles-own [ sector-number wage ] patches-own [ n-sector vardemand1 vardemand2 vardemand3 vardemand4 ] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup ; world creation with four macrosectors, workers-unemployed and demand ca setup-sector1 setup-sector2 setup-sector3 setup-sector4 setup-unemployed count-turtles vardemand-change end to setup-sector1 ; property of a sector ask patches with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] ; patches position [set pcolor 119 ; patches color set n-sector 1] ; patches identification create-custom-turtles population / 5 ; creation turtles in a sector (same number for each sector) [setxy -8 8 ; turtles position set color 114 ; turtles color set sector-number n-sector ; turtles assume the number of their sector set wage wage_sector1] ; turtles wage corresponds to that offered by their sector size-turtles ; turtles size end to setup-sector2 ask patches with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] [set pcolor 109 set n-sector 2] create-custom-turtles population / 5 [setxy 8 8 set color 105 set sector-number n-sector set wage wage_sector2] size-turtles end to setup-sector3 ask patches with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [set pcolor 19 set n-sector 3] cct population / 5 [setxy -8 -8 set color 15 set sector-number n-sector set wage wage_sector3 ] size-turtles end to setup-sector4 ask patches with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [set pcolor 69 set n-sector 4] cct population / 5 [setxy 8 -8 set color 65 set sector-number n-sector set wage wage_sector4 ] size-turtles end to setup-unemployed ; property of unemployeds cct population / 5 [setxy 0 0 set color 9.9] size-turtles end to size-turtles ; turtles size and shape ask turtles [ set size 0.8 set shape "person" ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to step ask Turtles [ set heading ( random 360 ) fd 1] updateClock updatewage vardemand-change hire dismiss setup-plots update-plots end to updateClock ifelse Clock < trip [ set Clock Clock + 1 display ] [set Clock 0] end to updatewage ask turtles with [sector-number = 1] [set wage wage_sector1] ask turtles with [sector-number = 2] [set wage wage_sector2] ask turtles with [sector-number = 3] [set wage wage_sector3] ask turtles with [sector-number = 4] [set wage wage_sector4] end to vardemand-change ; to give to each sector the same value of demand variation variable-move ask patches with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] [set vardemand1 vardemand_sector1 ] ask patches with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] [set vardemand2 vardemand_sector2 ] ask patches with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [set vardemand3 vardemand_sector3 ] ask patches with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [set vardemand4 vardemand_sector4 ] end to count-turtles ; to count turtles in each sector set worker-number1 count turtles with [sector-number = 1 ] set worker-number2 count turtles with [sector-number = 2 ] set worker-number3 count turtles with [sector-number = 3 ] set worker-number4 count turtles with [sector-number = 4 ] set unemployed count turtles with [sector-number = 0 ] end to variable-move if (Clock = 0) ; to move demand [set vardemand_sector1 (random 150) + (random -150) set vardemand_sector2 (random 150) + (random -150) set vardemand_sector3 (random 150) + (random -150) set vardemand_sector4 (random 150) + (random -150)] end to hire ; to hire ( workers entry ) ask turtles with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] [ if (variation_productivitysector1 < vardemand1) ; hiring rules and (wage < wage_sector1) [set sector-number 1 ; change of sector number, color and wage set color 114 set wage wage_sector1] ] ask turtles with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= 12 and pycor >= 4] [ if (variation_productivitysector2 < vardemand2) and (wage < wage_sector2) [set sector-number 2 set color 105 set wage wage_sector2] ] ask turtles with [ pxcor >= -12 and pxcor <= -4 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [ if (variation_productivitysector3 < vardemand3) and (wage < wage_sector3) [set sector-number 3 set color 15 set wage wage_sector3] ] ask turtles with [ pxcor >= 4 and pxcor <= 12 and pycor <= -4 and pycor >= -12] [ if (variation_productivitysector4 < vardemand4) and (wage < wage_sector4) [set sector-number 4 set color 65 set wage wage_sector4] ] count-turtles end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to dismiss ; to dismiss ( workers outcome ) if (variation_productivitysector1 > vardemand_sector1) and (worker-number1 > 0) ; dismissing rules [set color1 one-of turtles with [sector-number = 1] ; change of sector number, color and wage set color-of color1 white set sector-number-of color1 0 set wage-of color1 0] if (variation_productivitysector2 > vardemand_sector2 ) and (worker-number2 > 0) [set color2 one-of turtles with [sector-number = 2] set color-of color2 white set sector-number-of color2 0 set wage-of color2 0] if(variation_productivitysector3 > vardemand_sector3 )and (worker-number3 > 0) [set color3 one-of turtles with [sector-number = 3] set color-of color3 white set sector-number-of color3 0 set wage-of color3 0] if (variation_productivitysector4 > vardemand_sector4)and (worker-number4 > 0) [set color4 one-of turtles with [sector-number = 4] set color-of color4 white set sector-number-of color4 0 set wage-of color4 0] count-turtles end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup-plots ; graphics creation set-current-plot "workers for sector1" set-current-plot "workers for sector2" set-current-plot "workers for sector3" set-current-plot "workers for sector4" set-current-plot "unemployed" end to update-plots ; graphics set-current-plot "workers for sector1" set-current-plot-pen "sector1" plot ((count turtles with [color = 114])) set-current-plot "workers for sector2" set-current-plot-pen "sector2" plot ((count turtles with [color = 105])) set-current-plot "workers for sector3" set-current-plot-pen "sector3" plot ((count turtles with [color = 15])) set-current-plot "workers for sector4" set-current-plot-pen "sector4" plot ((count turtles with [color = 65])) set-current-plot "unemployed" set-current-plot-pen "unemployed" plot ((count turtles with [color = 9.9])) end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 261 10 704 474 16 16 13.121212121212121 1 5 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -16 16 -16 16 CC-WINDOW 5 656 1053 751 Command Center 0 BUTTON 26 14 89 47 NIL setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER T NIL BUTTON 102 14 165 47 NIL step T 1 T OBSERVER T NIL SLIDER 814 18 986 51 population population 5 150 125 5 1 NIL MONITOR 940 104 1044 153 NIL worker-number1 0 1 MONITOR 938 237 1042 286 NIL worker-number2 0 1 MONITOR 939 379 1043 428 NIL worker-number3 0 1 MONITOR 937 523 1041 572 NIL worker-number4 0 1 MONITOR 539 525 619 574 NIL unemployed 0 1 SLIDER 17 148 189 181 wage_sector1 wage_sector1 1 100 13 1 1 NIL SLIDER 17 190 189 223 wage_sector2 wage_sector2 1 100 34 1 1 NIL SLIDER 17 233 189 266 wage_sector3 wage_sector3 1 100 68 1 1 NIL SLIDER 17 276 189 309 wage_sector4 wage_sector4 1 100 90 1 1 NIL PLOT 724 83 928 208 workers for sector1 NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true true PENS "sector1" 1.0 0 -8630108 true PLOT 724 218 927 351 workers for sector2 NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true true PENS "sector2" 1.0 0 -13345367 true PLOT 724 360 927 495 workers for sector3 NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true true PENS "sector3" 1.0 0 -2064490 true PLOT 723 505 925 640 workers for sector4 NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true true PENS "sector4" 1.0 0 -10899396 true PLOT 334 505 528 642 unemployed NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true true PENS "unemployed" 1.0 0 -16777216 true MONITOR 198 64 255 113 NIL Clock 0 1 CHOOSER 17 341 204 386 variation_productivitysector1 variation_productivitysector1 -100 -50 0 50 100 2 CHOOSER 17 396 204 441 variation_productivitysector2 variation_productivitysector2 -100 -50 0 50 100 3 CHOOSER 17 449 204 494 variation_productivitysector3 variation_productivitysector3 -100 -50 0 50 100 1 CHOOSER 17 501 204 546 variation_productivitysector4 variation_productivitysector4 -100 -50 0 50 100 2 SLIDER 16 78 188 111 Trip Trip 200 5000 400 200 1 NIL @#$#@#$#@ WHAT IS IT? ----------- This model simulates the interaction between workers/unemployers and four macrosectors. Our patches are the macrosectors that have a different colour, a different variation of productivity (chosen by operators) and a random demand variation. Our turtles are the workers/unemployers: they assume the color of sector where they are working or the white one if they don't work and have as value of our wage, which corresponds to that of their own macrosector. The report workers-firms consists of workers' movements among sectors, that give firms'development or decline. HOW IT WORKS ------------ During their movement, workers can touch a macrosector and can be hired. The rules of hiring are: if the variation of productivity of the sector is inferior to the variation of demand and if the wage is inferior to that offered by the new sector. The workers come in the sector and they change their color, their number of identity and their level of wage. Moreover, firms can also fire workers and this happens if its own variation of productivity is major of the variation of demand and, obviously, if they have workers inside. Unemployers accept every work offered by firms: if the first firm they touch is ready to hire, they become its workers (and change color, number and wage). HOW TO USE IT ------------- In this model the operator can modify a three variables: - with the slider POPULATION, it is possible to change the number of agents from 5 to 150 (the number of workers in each sector and the number of unemployers are the same: in fact the total number chosen by the operator is divided for 5); - with the slider WAGE_SECTOR it is possible modify the level of the wage offered by the sector; - with the slider TRIP the operator can decide the number of cycle of variation of demand. It can vary from a minimum of 200 to a maximum of 5000 cycles, with an increasing of 200. There is, moreover, a monitor CLOCK, wich count a number of cycles and take value zero when it reach the number decided by the slider TRIP; - With the chooser VARIATION_ PRODUCTIVITYSECTOR the operator can vary the productivity for each sector. The operator can choose only five values: -100, -50, 0, 50, 100. Differently, the variation of the demand is a random and it can't be chosen by operator. Its range of variability is -150 /150. The operator chooses, with the slider TRIP, how many cycles its value change. With the SETUP button the world in which the agents interact is created, like also the values for the variables of patches ( number of identification, position, colour, variation of productivity, wage offered by sector)and turtles (number of sector, position, colour and wage). In particular, at the beginning workers start from the center of the relative sector, while unemployers are in the center of the world. Furthermore, these last are of white colour, workers take the same colour of their own patch, but with different degree. With the STEP buttom, the world starts to fuction: workers and unemployers move random and when they touch macrosector, the interaction starts (hiring and dismissing). There are five graphics that represent some important dynamic that take place during the simulation. They allow us to know as the number of workers for each patch and the number of unemployers change during the simulation. To see clearly the total number of agents, we have created five monitors to count workers and unemployers. THINGS TO NOTICE ---------------- It is preferable that the operator chooses a huge level of cycles in wich the variation of demand is costant (TRIP). This allows to create an interaction turtles-patches more realistic. THINGS TO TRY ------------- The operator can modify different variables: population, variation of productivity and the level of wage offered by sectors how many times the variation of demand change, but not its value taht is random. To evaluate different scenaries he should choose different values of wage offered by the sector and the different values for the variation of productivity. It's interesting modify these values during the simulation.In this way it's possible to show what it happens when there are sectors in expansion or in decline.Finally, the operator can select an elevated number of agents to make the model more dynamic. EXTENDING THE MODEL ------------------- To make the model more detailed the user can: - add new rules for hiring and dismissing, - create more properties for turtles (skills, age, exc...) and patches (production, technology, exc...), - to establish a maximum and minimum level of workers for sector. CREDITS AND REFERENCES ---------------------- The rules used in the simulation refers to the book: P. Frigero "Economia Applicata". On the web it’s possibile to find one NetLogo model which we have used as a reference: “Population mobility in Italy” by Claudio Patrucco, Domenico Scarlato ----site http://web.econ.unito.it/terna/tesine. @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 link true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 30 225 Line -7500403 true 150 150 270 225 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 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